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In fact, the viscosity of engine oil is one of the most obscure parameters that often becomes an obstacle when choosing an oil. The problem is that there are many different points of view - from salespeople, official repair shops, car mechanics and simply experienced drivers. And these opinions often contradict each other.
The main task of the oil is to prevent dry friction of moving internal engine parts, as well as to ensure minimum friction force at maximum density of the working cylinders. Obviously, it is impossible to make a substance that has the necessary properties for this and at the same time has stable characteristics over a wide temperature range, and the temperature range of engine operating oil is quite wide.
It should be noted that the temperature that most drivers observe on the dashboard, and which is commonly referred to as engine temperature, is actually the coolant temperature, which is really stable when the engine is warm and should be around 90 degrees. At the same time, the oil temperature can go as high as 140-150 degrees, depending on speed and intensity.
Based on this, for each individual engine, the manufacturer determines the compromise optimum oil parameters. It is these parameters, according to the engine manufacturer, that should provide maximum efficiency with minimum wear to the engine internals under given operating conditions.
In simple terms, understandable to the driver, we can say the following - the viscosity of the oil is its ability to remain on the surface of the internal parts of the engine and at the same time maintain its properties. Seems not difficult? But it is the viscosity of the oil that changes the most depending on the temperature, as it is a variable value.
That's why the American Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) has developed an engine oil viscosity classification that describes the viscosity of a particular engine oil at different operating temperatures. In effect, this classification gives the temperature range over which engine operation is safe, provided that the engine manufacturer has approved an engine oil with these parameters for use in that engine.
After the abbreviation SAE we see several numbers separated by the letter W and a dash, for example 5W-30. Without going into the physics and complicated terminology, this inscription can be deciphered as follows.
5W - deciphering the oil viscosity code is low temperature viscosity, which means that a cold start of the engine is possible at a temperature not lower than -35 ° C (ie 40 should be subtracted from the figure before W). This is the minimum temperature of this automotive oil at which the engine oil pump can pump oil through the system without allowing dry friction of internal parts. This parameter does not affect the operation of a warm engine.
If we subtract 35 from the same figure (in this case it's -30°C), then we get the minimum engine "cranking" temperature. Obviously as the temperature drops the oil becomes thicker and it becomes more difficult for the starter to turn the engine over on a cold start. But this is an average, the real picture depends very much on the engine itself and so it is very important not to deviate from your car manufacturer's recommendations when choosing a viscosity.